The shillelagh has a rich history and is deeply rooted in Irish culture. The name "shillelagh" is believed to come from the village of Shillelagh in County Wicklow, Ireland. The word itself is derived from the Irish word "saille," meaning "willow," though in practice, shillelaghs were typically made from blackthorn or oak wood, with blackthorn being particularly prized for its strength and durability.

While initially a practical weapon used for self-defense, the shillelagh became symbolically tied to Irish identity. During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Irish would have used shillelaghs in confrontations with English soldiers and landlords during a time of tension and conflict in Ireland.

In the 19th century, shillelaghs took on more cultural and symbolic significance. As Ireland faced British colonialism, the shillelagh became associated with Irish resistance and the struggle for independence. It also became a symbol of the Irish "fighting spirit" and was often carried by Irish men as a sign of pride, defiance, and readiness to defend themselves.

As time went on, the shillelagh became less of a weapon and more of a cultural artifact, representing the toughness and resilience of the Irish people. In the early 20th century, the shillelagh was often seen as a gift or memento for Irish emigrants, particularly those leaving for America, as a token of their heritage.

By the mid-20th century, the shillelagh became more of a decorative item. However, its legacy as a symbol of Irish culture, strength, and resistance continues. Today, the shillelagh is no longer commonly used as a weapon but is often carried as a walking stick or kept as a decorative object. It also remains a part of Irish festivals, parades, and celebrations, symbolizing the nation's history, culture, and pride.

The shillelagh's association with Irish folklore, as well as its distinct look and utility has kept it an enduring symbol of Irish heritage.